How Culture Has Become Very Important Topic Of...

â€Å"Culture has become very important topic of international business†. Lee, Y., Liu, W. (2012). Imagine a successful organization in the United State wants to enter to another country’s market like India. These two countries have many differences in their culture as general and their individuals are influenced by the national culture. It is important for a leader to know individual’s differences and cultures in order to have an effective leadership, and run a productive and successful business in other countries. Even in inside of a country which has multinational employees, culture differences would be challenging. Human diversity may cause many conflicts; a good leader is the one who knows all the diversities, and manages them toward the†¦show more content†¦(2011). His study is going to discover six dimensions such as: Power Distance which is the fact of inequality between all individuals in the society in every aspects of their lives, and it expresses the fact that different people based on their culture have different approach to this. â€Å"Power distance is used to measure the equality and inequality among people in a society†. Lee, Y., Liu, W. (2012) We all are aware of existing of inequalities in every society in some extent, in some countries there are more inequalities than others. In countries with high power distance, they accept this distance and they don’t have much desire to change this fashion because power distance is fundamental to their culture. They accept the hierocracy in their work place. To lead and direct individuals who are coming from this type of society, a leader should know that member of this culture are depend on their superiors and leaders. The high power distance people prefer to have an â€Å"authoritarian† management style. In contrast, in cou ntries and societies with lower power distance the leadership is decentralized, and the subordinates prefer to work and get reward based on their performance. There is neither hierocracy nor authoritative management style in those organizations. So, everyone carries on some part of responsibilities toward the goals of organizations. Lee, Y., Liu, W. (2012) Individualism versus collectivism is

The Occupation And Abuse Of National And Female Bodies

The occupation and abuse of national and female bodies causes them to be portrayed as fragmented in literature dealing with colonial themes. With the infitah opening Egypt’s doors to the world, elements of the modern flooded in and the nation become a conglomeration of old and new, tradition and modern (Shechter 572). Conflicting views between how to incorporate modern and tradition into Egyptian culture impacted all levels of the nation. Elements of the modern and the tradition were split and emphasized differently to different groups. As a figure thought to be representative of the purity of the nation, tradition is emphasized for the female body in order to maintain the identity of the nation despite economic change (Sadaawi â€Å"Hidden Face† 31). While the man is allowed to enter the world of money and exchange promised by capitalism, it is the female who must remain unaffected as a symbol of the nation’s purity in contrast to the Western nations. She is sti ll suppressed by cultural ideas that restrict and criminalize her body. Her virginity is not only a symbol of honor for her family, but also for her nation. While Egypt desired economic power and adapted western economic policies, they wished to keep their cultural and social traditions and further oppress the female as a symbol of sanctity. The contradicting background and situation the female finds herself in leads to individual fragmentation. There is a divide created between love, sex, and pleasure. StringentShow MoreRelatedThe Fight For Women s Rights1711 Words   |  7 Pagesfar from over, as today’s females face a new struggle involving the media. With the rapid progression of modern technology has come the immensely degrading trend of objectifying women. Women’s position in the media is heavily flawed, as females are seen as little more than their physical appeal, instead of human beings with large amounts of potential. 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Analyze Native American Societies Free Essays

This essay will analyze Native American societies for world view and cultural and institutional differentiation. In so doing, we will discuss the possibilities or the lack of endogenously generated social change within American Indian societies and cultures. Mainly this essay will concentrate on two important aspects of world view that contribute to conservatism in Native American cultures. We will write a custom essay sample on Analyze Native American Societies or any similar topic only for you Order Now The two aspects are as follows, holistic Native American beliefs versus dualistic world views, and in so discussing we will illuminate the reader’s knowledge about the differences in views of purity and salvation. The second important aspect is that of the economic ethic: American Capitalism versus Native American subsistence labor ethic. The reasons why these two aspects are so important in explaining change or the lack of change in Native American communities is because everything is linked to religion and the ceremonies that ensue and the kinships within each community. As one author put it, Native American tribes are like apples and America is like an orange. This is meant as an analogy of how American society is compartmentalized and divided into many parts and Native American society is interlinked. In northern America there are hundreds of Native American tribes and all have distinct religions with their own distinct creation stories, and each tribe has its own rituals, each with unique ways of giving thanks and honoring the sacred. The one distingsion they all have in common is the idea of this-worldliness and a sense of conservatism. For the Native American community, the world is a gift given by the Creator and should not be changed or altered, it should be conserved and respected with a sense of balance. â€Å"To change the order of the given world would challenge the wisdom of the Creator and upset the sacred balance and order of the universe. A people who renounced the sacred ceremonies that give thanks to the creator for health, harmony, victory in war, good harvests, or good hunting would forfeit the favor of the Creator and lose divine protection and aid. (Champagne, 2007: 35) This is in sharp contrast with the Calvinistic dualism of this-worldliness and otherworldliness. As Weber puts it, the Calvinist doctrine can be described as one based on change and progress. For in Calvinism it is believed that this world is evil, corrupt, filled with death and destruction, and heaven is where the real world is, where each individual can attain salvation. For these reasons, it is mans duty to do his part to improve this evil world and make it as heavenly as possible. The view that this world is an evil and corrupt place, and that heaven is the real world, has implications of understanding possibilities for accepting change. † (Champagne, 2007: 34) This is why change comes more easily for Christian Calvinists than it does for Native Americans. For Native Americans this world is the only world and one must strike a balance with nature in order to gain harmony. There is no salvation, if one does wrong, then misfortune befalls him and at times his community within this world. The second important aspect is that of the economic ethic: American Capitalism versus Native American subsistence labor ethic. In order to gain a better understanding of this aspect we must first dive deeper into the roots of American Capitalism. Traditional capitalism has been around for hundreds of years in Europe and elsewhere in various forms; however, American Capitalism is unlike any other type seen in history. American Capitalism is competitive rational capitalism. As is argued by Weber, the reason for the difference is based of Christian Calvinism. While Weber recognizes that a variety of legal, political, and monetary conditions were necessary for the rise of capital markets and production, he argues that these features are not enough to explain the rise of capitalism without explaining the motivation of the capitalists to break the norms of traditional capitalism in favor of the competitive and innovative action of rational capitalism. Weber finds an explanation for the bre akdown of European traditional capitalism in Calvinist doctrine. Calvinist doctrine proclaimed that Gods will was predetermined for all time, only the elect received salvation, and all had a specific calling. Weber interpreted Calvinism as an otherworldly religion, where people sought to achieve salvation in the next world, not in this world, which was considered evil, corrupt, and full of sin. Although otherworldly salvation is the primary goal, Calvinists needed to show that they belonged to the elect, those chosen to go to heaven. Although the elect were predetermined, none know if they belonged to the chosen, and each person was enjoined by the Calvinist community to act like one of the elect and do the work of God on earth. Calvinists were not allowed to enjoy worldly comforts but were enjoined to be moral, work hard, and accumulate wealth as signs of their labor and moral fortitude. Wealth was a sign of the fruits of constant labor but could not be used to satisfy personal pleasures; therefore, it was reinvested in order to make more wealth and provide more work for others. † (Champagne, 2007: 29) This for Weber is the beginning of American Capitalism, later to be known as the protestant work ethic. This view is far from that of the Native American communities, for they were and are concerned with gaining balance with nature and giving thanks for gifts that the Creator has given, not salvation in otherworldly places. In the Calvinist view the world and its vast recourses and creatures are placed here for man to bend and manipulate to his will, in order to make this world into a heaven on earth. For Native Americans the creatures and resources that the Creator has created are not here for man to use and manipulate, thou Native Americans use the land they do not believe that man is any more special than any other creature. Native Americans believe that all living things have a soul were Christians believe that man is the center of the world and the only creature with a soul. This distinction makes it vary difficult for Native American communities to accept change and adapt to capitalism. Another underlining reason as to why change is so difficult to implement in Native American communities is because every aspect of tribal life is so interconnected that change in one aspect of life would inadvertently mean change in the entire outlook. In Native American tribes, all aspects of life, whether it is religion, economy, or polity are all interlinked. As Professor Champagne said , Native American tribes are like onions, they are layers upon layers centered on creation stories and ceremonies. A good example of this is the Hopi community. â€Å"Clans and families within villages organize Hopi religious, ceremonial, and political leadership. Although the particular way in which Hopi institutions are constructed is unique to them, a pattern of undifferentiation is observed mong them because religious, political, economic, and kinship structures are tightly interrelated and interpenetrating. Because of this pattern of undifferentiated institutional relations, the Hopi will be reluctant to consider institutional innovation such as change in political relations if such change requires major reorientations in creation stories, religious ceremonies, and kinship relations. † (Champagne, 2007: 41) The Hopi are not unique in this way; this way of living is true for most indigenous communities. In conclusion this essay has attempted to analyze Native American societies for world view and cultural and institutional differentiation. In so doing, we have discussed the possibilities of endogenously generated social change within American Indian societies and cultures. Mainly this essay has concentrated on two important aspects of world view that contribute to conservatism in Native American cultures. The two aspects as listed above are as follows, holistic Native American beliefs versus dualistic world views, and in so discussing we have underlined views of purity and salvation. The second important aspect that that was discussed was the economic ethic: American Capitalism versus Native American subsistence labor ethic. The reasons why these two aspects are so important in explaining change or the lack of change in Native American communities is because everything is linked to religion and the ceremonies that ensue. As one author put it, Native American tribes are like apples and America is like an orange. This is meant as an analogy of how American society is compartmentalized and divided into many parts and Native American society is interlinked. How to cite Analyze Native American Societies, Papers

Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Twain Essay Example For Students

Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Twain Essay In the Style of Twain The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, is said to be the source from which all great American literature has stemmed (Smith127). This is in part attributed to Mark Twains ability to use humor andsatire, as well as incorporating serious subject matter into his work. Throughout the novel Twain takes on the serious issue of Hucks moral dilemma. One such issue which is particularly important in the novel is pointed out bySmith: He swears and smokes, but he has a set of ethics all his own. He believesthat slaves belong to their rightful owners, yet in his honest gratitude towardhis friend Jim, he helps him to escape the bonds of slavery. (181) This issomething that tears at Huck throughout the novel and helps Twain show howcomplex Hucks character really is. The recognition of complexity inHucks character enabled Twain to do full justice to the conflict of vernacularvalues and the dominant culture (Smith 125). Throughout Huck and Jimsadventures Huck is constantly playing practical jokes on Jim who seems to takethem all in stride. But unknown to the reader Twain uses this aspect as anothernotch in Hucks moral 2 growth. Critic Frank McGill points this out: Huckshumble apology for the prank he plays on Jim in the fog is striking evidence ofgrowth in Hucks moral insight. It leads naturally to the next chapter in whichTwain causes Huck to face up for the first time to the fact he is helping aslave escape.(119) Another serious issue addressed by Twain is the abuse thatwas given to Huck by his father. Huck was kidnaped from the Widow Douglas by hisfather who had heard of his inheritance. Hucks father then took him to a cabinfar away in the woods where he kept the boy a prisoner, beating him and halfstarving him. Twain tells us how Huck felt about life with his father: Beforelong Huck began to wonder why he had even liked living with the widow. With hisfather he could smoke and swear all he wanted, and his life would have beenquiet pleasant if it had not been for all of the constant beatings. (156) Huckwould soon after grow tired of the beatings and fakes his death to escape thecabin. The humorous side of Twain is probably what he is most well known for. Humor is considered an art form by many writers. Jane Bernadette states thedifference between humor and comical stories: The humorous story is strictly awork of art high and delicate and only an Curran 3 artist can tell it; but noart is necessary in telling the comic and the witty story; anybody can do it. The art of telling a humorous story-understand, I mean by word of mouth, notprint-was created in America and has remained at home. (159) Twain satirizes thesouth for its seriousness on certain matters. I think one of the mostnotably southern traits of Mark Twains humor is its power of seeing the fun ofsouthern seriousness(Bernadette 175). Twain also satirizes the society ofthe ?day by describing the colonel Grangerford as the symbol ofsouthern aristocracy(245). Twain also goes on to satirize the southsracism. One such instance is pointed out in the novel when Aunt Polly hears of asteamboat explosion. Good gracious is anyone hurt? No,it just killed a negro (209). Religious satire is another aspectthat Twain uses. An easy illustration of this is the Widows attempt to teachHuck religious principles while she persists on keeping slaves. Hucksprinciples of morality make him more ?Christian than the Widow even though hetakes no interest in her lifeless principles(Bernadette 288). Twainshu mor has been mistaken by some to be racist or politically incorrect. Thehumor of Mark Twain contains a sense of the incongruous which frontiersmen feltin a region where civilization and uncultivated nature come face to face(McGill 95). In conclusion I think that the style and structure of Mark Twainswork not only exemplifies him as a humorist but as a serious writer as well ; awriter who cannot be Curran 4 categorized by any one aspect of his writing. .ue0d9bdc391ca0e1d7b9bd50258580c43 , .ue0d9bdc391ca0e1d7b9bd50258580c43 .postImageUrl , .ue0d9bdc391ca0e1d7b9bd50258580c43 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue0d9bdc391ca0e1d7b9bd50258580c43 , .ue0d9bdc391ca0e1d7b9bd50258580c43:hover , .ue0d9bdc391ca0e1d7b9bd50258580c43:visited , .ue0d9bdc391ca0e1d7b9bd50258580c43:active { border:0!important; } .ue0d9bdc391ca0e1d7b9bd50258580c43 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue0d9bdc391ca0e1d7b9bd50258580c43 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue0d9bdc391ca0e1d7b9bd50258580c43:active , .ue0d9bdc391ca0e1d7b9bd50258580c43:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue0d9bdc391ca0e1d7b9bd50258580c43 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue0d9bdc391ca0e1d7b9bd50258580c43 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue0d9bdc391ca0e1d7b9bd50258580c43 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue0d9bdc391ca0e1d7b9bd50258580c43 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue0d9bdc391ca0e1d7b9bd50258580c43:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue0d9bdc391ca0e1d7b9bd50258580c43 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue0d9bdc391ca0e1d7b9bd50258580c43 .ue0d9bdc391ca0e1d7b9bd50258580c43-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue0d9bdc391ca0e1d7b9bd50258580c43:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Best chews dogs, daily best cats fish, daily best EssayTo remember him only as a creator of boyhood adventure or as a relic of anAmerican frontier or the voice of idiosyncracy is to do him disservice(McGill 211). BibliographyBernadette, Jane. American Realism . Toronto: Educational ResourcesCorporation, 1972. McGill, Frank. American Writers. Montana: University ofMontana, 1974. Smith, Henry. Mark Twain: Development of a Writer. London: OxfordPress, 1962 Twain, Mark. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. New York: PenguinPress, 1996

Little hnya Review Essay Example

Little hnya Review Paper Essay on Little hnya A Little hnya was not hnya, and not a small one. This book one of the best books written by Russian authors (a little long definition, but it is necessary to decide: here there are authors who write in Russian, and there are which translated), I have read recently. And this is not leisurely compliment to the author, but the harsh truth. Although the word severe certainly not the image of the author, and even more so with the texts, is not consistent. In order to understand how Laura Beloivan large enough to see the original School for Scandal with its participation. Beloivan managed to melt the ice of the meticulous, having a firing sight, leading. The Soviet newspapers about people saying so the man challenging fate. Laura Beloivan Nakhodkinskoye finished vocational school, then worked in the Far Eastern Shipping Company. Followed gallery of various professions and now Beloivan engaged in the creation of the first rehabilitation center for injured seals in Russia. In short, there is something of becoming a writer And this not weak and motley life experience has taught the authors main point -. Not afraid of anything. And here it is not that prose Beloivan there is no taboo subjects, rather, there are no borders authors view. In addition, Beloivan not hesitate in choosing the language. Forbidden words for the author of Little hni no. But how delicious and the place they sound! Reality not hidden. Embellishment do not make sense. Thats life. Well, it is not always joyful and happy, someone did not know? At any punches fate Beloivan corresponds humor, ironically, boldness. And because survives. And even acquires the ability to take off We will write a custom essay sample on Little hnya Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Little hnya Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Little hnya Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer And now, the lyrical hero Laura Beloivan (well said to me, who, for some reason in my head Beloivan stubbornly rearranged in Belovian, the more that Vian got nothing to do with. what!) like a traveler suffering from Moscow-Petushki. As Venichka tried to get to the Red Square but was at the devil in the middle of nowhere, and Beloivan character craves painful to go from Vladivostok to Moscow and is in a place that LJ author appears under the disarming and persuasive pseudonym Ebony. Prose Beloivan combines irony and lightness. This uncharacteristic for our difficult spaces letters vivacity raises the hero of the city, and Vladivostok from edge to edge with all its hills, streets, people, prejudices and absurdities, the broken, like a cardiogram, harmony becomes a fabulous features, acquires its mythology. This city is impossible not to love. I think for Vladivostok Beloivan done more than all those who are on duty is responsible for its tourist attraction. Although it is not important. And the thing that Little hnya a rare book of wit and love of life. . The perfect cure for the blues Quote random:  «I fly over the city and feel like he wanted to hide from the cold, curl cat, bury his nose to the tail, and sleep and sleep , and that the smoke from the chimneys, and so as not to touch anyone, and it is necessary to stretch toe the line along the sea, slipping to awkward hills, and believe in their similarity to San Francisco, which is whether there is, or is not, and pretend pretend constantly pretend that he, Vladimir city, so all of a macho, and oven heating of homes do not see behind the red-brick cruisers built bubbled Chinese and North Korean migrant workers  »

Free Essays on Photography In Advertising And Its Effects On Society

Memory has been and always will be associated with images. As early as 1896, leading psychologists were arguing that memory was nothing more than a continuous exchange of images. (Bergson) Later models of memory describe it as more of an image text; a combination of space and time, and image and word. (Yates) Although image certainly is not the only component of memory, it is undoubtedly an integral and essential part of memory’s composition. Photography was first utilized over 100 years ago in an attempt to preserve life as it existed before the industrial revolution. Over time photography has gradually corrupted memory in a variety of ways, despite its original intention to preserve it. From there, photography has evolved to become a pressing threat not only to memory, but also to consciousness. As seen in paintings of battle scenes and portraits of wealthy Renaissance aristocracy, people have always strived to preserve and document their existence. The creation of photography was merely the logical continuum of human nature’s innate desire to preserve the past, as well as a necessary reaction to a world in a stage of dramatic and irreversible change. It is not a coincidence that photography arose in major industrial cities towards the end of the nineteenth century. The industrial revolution created the societal circumstances necessary for photography to be born. The first and most obvious condition is that of technological advancement. Industry was advancing and expanding so rapidly that history appeared to be distancing itself from the present with unusual speed. Up until this time period life had not changed much from decade to decade or even from century to century. Photography’s popularity during the industrial revolution was, in large part, a result of people’s desire to slow down the perceived acceleration of history (McQuire). It has been argued that the acceleration of historical time is â€Å"leading ... Free Essays on Photography In Advertising And Its Effects On Society Free Essays on Photography In Advertising And Its Effects On Society Memory has been and always will be associated with images. As early as 1896, leading psychologists were arguing that memory was nothing more than a continuous exchange of images. (Bergson) Later models of memory describe it as more of an image text; a combination of space and time, and image and word. (Yates) Although image certainly is not the only component of memory, it is undoubtedly an integral and essential part of memory’s composition. Photography was first utilized over 100 years ago in an attempt to preserve life as it existed before the industrial revolution. Over time photography has gradually corrupted memory in a variety of ways, despite its original intention to preserve it. From there, photography has evolved to become a pressing threat not only to memory, but also to consciousness. As seen in paintings of battle scenes and portraits of wealthy Renaissance aristocracy, people have always strived to preserve and document their existence. The creation of photography was merely the logical continuum of human nature’s innate desire to preserve the past, as well as a necessary reaction to a world in a stage of dramatic and irreversible change. It is not a coincidence that photography arose in major industrial cities towards the end of the nineteenth century. The industrial revolution created the societal circumstances necessary for photography to be born. The first and most obvious condition is that of technological advancement. Industry was advancing and expanding so rapidly that history appeared to be distancing itself from the present with unusual speed. Up until this time period life had not changed much from decade to decade or even from century to century. Photography’s popularity during the industrial revolution was, in large part, a result of people’s desire to slow down the perceived acceleration of history (McQuire). It has been argued that the acceleration of historical time is â€Å"leading ...

Advanced Clinical Nutrition Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Advanced Clinical Nutrition - Research Paper Example Many theories have been advanced to explain this analogy. But the most acceptable is as follows; the trigger in heart attacks and some forms of stroke is the accumulation of cholesterol rich plaques (atheromas) in blood vessels of the heart and brain. The body detects these plaques as foreign and unwanted in the body; hence, through the process of inflammation, the body tries to remove the plaques from the walls of blood vessels. However, as the body is trying to remove the foreign plaques from the walls of blood vessels, circumstances may go wrong in that the plaques may rupture causing aneurysms or it may trigger blood clot formation. These clots normally obstruct blood flow to vital organs of the body causing heart attacks or cerebral infarcts (strokes). 2) Choose a nutrient or food that is considered both â€Å"anti-inflammatory† and â€Å"heart healthy†. Provide evidence that supports that your nutrient/food is â€Å"heart healthy† using key studies from the literature (described sufficiently and referenced appropriately). Beans. Foods like beans are anti-inflammatory in the sense that they do not have triggers of inflammation which may predispose to cardiovascular diseases. ... Beans are anti-inflammatory from many respects. Clinically, beans have been observed not to cause any heart conditions. Basically, beans do not have any cholesterol; hence, they do not trigger any inflammatory response in arteries of the heart. Epidemiologically, studies have revealed that incidences of heart conditions with plant products are rare, but animal products have been implicated. 4) Is the anti-inflammatory evidence clear? Why or why not? The anti-inflammatory response is clear in that there is no content of LDL cholesterol in beans and bean products. 5) Briefly, how would you design a study to provide information that would strengthen your case for the anti-inflammatory effects of your nutrient/food in humans? I would conduct biochemical tests on beans to ascertain that they do not have LDL cholesterol that triggers inflammation to cause cardiovascular diseases. QUESTION #2: Consider the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP), adult treatment panel III (ATP III) re commendations for reducing CVD risk. Discuss EITHER the dietary soluble fiber OR plant sterols/stanols recommendation and answer the following questions: 1) First, mechanistically speaking, how is that particular recommendation supposed to lower CVD risk? Be specific Introduction of soluble dietary fibers is a strategy for reducing cardiovascular disease. These foods have trace amounts of saturated and trans fats, hence, they reduce incidences of cardiovascular disease. The therapeutic lifestyle changes that are recommended to reduce cardiovascular disease risk are that fiber should be between 20 to 30 g per day. 2) Where did the recommendation itself come from? In other words, what research led to this recommendation?